PRIMAL is built round a core of Aloe Vera gel which contains some water content. This is to allow a few of the more potent ingredients to be more effectively utilised, while ensuring the small-molecule hyaluronic acid has sufficient moisture available to be absorbed into the skin. In water-free formulations hyaluronic acid can end up drawing moisture from deep in the skin towards the surface... obviously not ideal.

This means we needed to add a preservative and we designed a system that is not only 100% natural and effective, but also excellent for your skin. It was not an easy road but the results speak for themselves.

Primarily we use two different extracts of Magnolia and a natural substance bees use to keep their hives free of unwanted bacteria. Magnolia contains Magnolol and Honokiol, two pharmacologically active components which work in synergy to inhibit inflammation and aging processes while improving skin firmness and hydration.

Levulinic acid is an organic acid that helps condition and soften skin, and can be transformed by naturally-occurring microbes into other helpful substances, including the moisturising ingredient Trehalose. Wonderful science...thank you Bees!

We also use small amounts of Glyceryl Caprylate and Glyceryl Undecylenate. These are 100% natural, Ecosert-approved, ingredients, derived from Coconut, Castor-beans and Rapeseed. Not only do they improve our preservation system, these ingredients are also very beneficial to the skin.

Together they help moisturise and balance PH levels while their antimicrobial and antifungal properties keep bacteria-causing germs at bay, including those which cause acne.

Snow Algae is a unique extremophile algae that has developed survival strategies which enable it to grow on glaciers and in permanent snow. In order to survive in these harsh conditions, the snow algae have developed a sort of “sleeping beauty” tactic, similar to hibernating.

This stimulates the longevity gene Klotho in aged skin cells, keeping your skin youthful by slowing down the aging process.

Snow Algae also activates AMPK, a master switch in the cellular defense and energy system, clearly improving skin structure and increasing collagen production.

Snow algae strengthens cellular defense mechanisms and reinforces the skin barrier in challenging conditions while simultaneously smoothing and moisturising.

Spiny Holdback is a robust plant that grows in the nearly rain-less lomas or fog oases of the Peruvian coastal desert.

Combined with a concentrated organic Sunflower shoot extract to make a unique, synergistic compound it fights and protects essential skin cells against UV, infra-red damage and blue light from devices and screens, preventing the loss of firmness and density.

Infrared rays are known to penetrate deeper into the skin than UV-rays. They inhibit mitochondrial energy production - essential for the healthy functioning of our cells and tissues.

This synergistic extract protects mitochondrial DNA, efficiently neutralizes radicals and protects the skin against IR oxidative stress.

Pomegranate is rich in ingredients such as vitamins B5 and C, potassium, polyphenols and compounds such as phytoestrogen.

It is also full of punicic acid, a rare plant-based source of CLA (conjugated linoleic acid) which is effective in cell regeneration and proliferation - considerably delaying the process of aging.

It is a great source of ellagic acid and antioxidants, which help destroy free radicals.

Pomegranate extends the life of fibroblasts, the cells that are responsible for the production of collagen and elastin. Collagen and elastin pump up the skin and maintain its elasticity. This in turn, keeps the skin youthful and minimises wrinkles.